Salting is a technique commonly used in the field of data security, especially when it comes to password storage.
In simple terms, salting involves adding a unique, random string of characters (called a ‘salt’) to a password before it gets hashed.
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Hashing is a process that transforms the password into a fixed-length, scrambled set of characters, making it more challenging for unauthorized users to crack.
The primary purpose of salting is to enhance security by making it tougher for attackers to guess passwords through methods like brute force or dictionary attacks.
By adding the salt, even identical passwords will produce unique hashes, which means an attacker can’t simply precompute a list of hashes for common passwords.
Salting Examples
Here’s a simple example to illustrate the concept of salting passwords.
Let’s say we have two users with the same password, “P@ssw0rd”.
Without salting, the unsalted passwords and their corresponding hashes might look like this:
User 1:
- Password: P@ssw0rd
- Hash: 286755fad04869ca523320acce0dc6a4
User 2:
- Password: P@ssw0rd
- Hash: 286755fad04869ca523320acce0dc6a4
Notice that the hashes are identical, making it easier for attackers to identify the original password.
Now, let’s add unique salts to the passwords:
User 1:
- Salt: aBc123
- Password: P@ssw0rd
- Salted Password: aBc123P@ssw0rd
- Salted Hash: e913c24d74b8db8cddb973b1c91b9c95
User 2:
- Salt: xYz789
- Password: P@ssw0rd
- Salted Password: xYz789P@ssw0rd
- Salted Hash: 44a122a2676dd5c6df2e6b1f6d1e6ce5
By adding unique salts to the passwords, we’ve created different salted hashes even though the original passwords were the same.
This makes it more difficult for an attacker to crack the passwords, as they would need to compute hashes for each individual salt combined with the possible password.
Summary
Salting is a valuable process that adds an extra layer of security to password storage, keeping sensitive data safer from potential breaches.
Importance of Salting User Passwords (Video)
"Amateurs hack systems, professionals hack people."
-- Bruce Schneier, a renown computer security professional
